Cellular-biology research
SS-31 / Elamipretide
Lyophilized mitochondrial and cellular-signaling research material
SS-31 / Elamipretide is a mitochondria-targeting peptide studied around cardiolipin interaction, mitochondrial membrane function, and oxidative-stress models.
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Get catalog updatesSolo per ricerca di laboratorio. Non per uso umano o veterinario. Non destinato a diagnosticare, trattare, curare, mitigare o prevenire malattie.
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Contesto di ricerca
Profilo di ricerca SS-31 / Elamipretide
SS-31, also called elamipretide in pharmaceutical research, is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide studied for interaction with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Experimental work measures membrane structure, electron-transport function, reactive-oxygen-species markers, ATP-related endpoints, and tissue responses to mitochondrial stress. It differs from MOTS-c, which is approached as a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide, and from NAD+, which is a redox coenzyme. SS-31 is most useful when membrane and cardiolipin biology are central to the study design. A substantial preclinical and clinical-development literature exists, but reported outcomes vary by model and do not validate a separate catalog material.
Molecular class
Four-residue mitochondria-targeting peptide
Sequence / composition
D-Arg-2,6-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2; an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide also known as elamipretide.
Research design note
Its charge and aromatic residues drive inner-membrane and cardiolipin-focused experimental models.
Meccanismo proposto
A mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide proposed to associate with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This interaction may stabilize membrane curvature and respiratory-chain organization, reduce electron leak, and limit excess reactive-oxygen-species generation.
Effetti riportati negli studi
- Cell and animal models report improved mitochondrial respiration, ATP-related measures, membrane potential, and resistance to oxidative injury.
- Preclinical studies report functional improvements in selected cardiac, skeletal-muscle, renal, neurologic, and ocular disease models.
- Human clinical-development studies have produced mixed results across indications and endpoints.
Endpoint di ricerca comuni
Cardiolipin interaction, oxygen consumption, electron transport, ATP, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial morphology, tissue function, pharmacokinetics, and clinical endpoints.
Evidenze e limiti
The mechanistic and preclinical literature is extensive, but human efficacy has not been consistent across clinical programs.
External reading
Literature for context—not product proof.
Third-party sources describe their own research materials and methods. They do not validate a specific Azure catalog batch.
Support and documentation
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